What is that worth
in AI images?

There is no universal energy cost. The central 2.9 Wh estimate follows the mean measured by Luccioni, Jernite & Strubell across image-generation models. We use 0.7 to 11.5 Wh to expose variation. Hardware, resolution, steps, batching and data-centre overhead can change real use.

Watts describe power. Watt-hours describe energy over time. Carbon is calculated separately using 143.95 gCO₂e/kWh for consumed UK electricity. Electricity and carbon are never treated as interchangeable.

Flights use published passenger-kilometre factors, cabin allocation and optional non-CO₂ effects. Simple mode estimates distance at 800 km per flight-hour. Cars and public transport use 2026 UK factors.

Food results are lifecycle screening estimates that can include agriculture, processing, transport and preparation. Recipes, farms and serving sizes vary greatly. Black coffee uses the midpoint of a published 38 to 98 gCO₂e range per 140 ml cup; other meal and drink presets use representative UCL factors.

Hotel factors apply per occupied room-night, not per guest. Homeworking uses the official per-FTE-hour screening factor for incremental office equipment and heating. Neither estimate represents the full footprint of a holiday, employer or person.

Landfill factors include collection, transport and decomposition. Recycling, composting and anaerobic-digestion factors cover transport to the first treatment point only, so routes must not be compared as if their boundaries were identical. Delivery estimates allocate a vehicle journey across entered stops and exclude warehousing, packaging and product manufacture.

Powered activities use watts multiplied by duration. Preset wattages are editable illustrations because equipment ratings, operating cycles, insulation and weather can materially change real consumption.